Afghanistan is an old unsolved conflict. It faced the colonial order of the nineteenth century until gained the British independence in 1919. In the late seventies (1979) suffered the invasion of the Soviet Union facing the order of the great powers, which extended to new territories not only to wining geostrategic positions but also to spread their ideologies. Two ideologies, Islamism and Communism, also faced internally. With the beginning of the demise of the Soviet Union (1989), Afghanistan faced the disorder and fall of the bipolar world, those who won the war to the Soviets were not able to build a common project to a new state, leading the country into a new war, this time civil (1992), that opened existing conflicts (ethnic, social and religious) until the intervention of the Taliban (1996) culminating in the social, political and economic destruction of the country becoming a failed state. In this period the Taliban sheltered Al-Qaida, a social and cultural different group, with different ideologies and nationalities. The leaders of Al-Qaida were developed politically in the Middle East, none of them were Afghan and their movements were responding to regional events. At the beginning of XXI century and with the military intervention post-September 11, Afghanistan faced a new world order controlled by US hegemony, and the country was facing new challenges and processes to achieve a new state. The intervention of the International Community (2001-2014) was developed with different processes and models aimed to stabilize and consolidate peace, reconstruct and develop the country, under the framework of donor conferences and the resolutions of the Security Council of United Nations. On one hand, the “democratic” system launched was imitating the neoliberal model based on Western liberal political and market economics. Moreover, at the military level, and with the military doctrine of the theory of counterinsurgency (COIN) and the Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT) that developed the so-called "integrated approach" models under one military leadership which incorporated political, military, development, and the bad called "humanitarian" mechanisms. The failure was the result after twelve years of operations, where the majority of the population were still unable to meet their basic needs and the country was still depending on foreign aid. The objectives of the comprehensive approach model did not get, and the PRT did not prove viable in the context of armed conflict. The different insurgents groups continue to acting, as a result: violence and consequent damage for Human Rights, migration and displacements of population...
